lafonk ¼Contract½ ij vk/kkfjr ewV
izkWCye
jkWdQksMZ cksfMZax Ldwy] osfyaxVu Hkkjr ds izfrf"Br
fo|ky;ksa esa ls ,d gS ftldh LFkkiuk lu~ 1992 esa gqbZA ;g fo|ky; dsUnzh;
ek/;fed f'k{kk eaMy ls laca) gS] tks ns'k esa lcls cM+k f'k{kk cksMZ gSA ernku
ds vuqlkj] fiNys nl lkyksa ls ;g fo|ky; ns'k esa lcls vPNk cksfMZax Ldwy ekuk
tkrk gSA bl fo|ky; esa 8]000 ls vf/kd Nk=k gSa rFkk f'k{k.k LVkQ dh la[;k 300
gSA
jkWdQksMZ dsanz vdknfed mRd`Vrk] ckSf)d fodkl] dyk] ,FkysfVDl]
uSfrd tkx:drk] lkgl rFkk lkeqnkf;d lsok ds mPp ekudksa ds fy, pfpZr gSaA fo|ky;
dh ijaijk vkSj O;kid ikB~;Øe izR;sd Nk=k ds thou dks xgjkbZ ls tksM+rk gSA
Ldwy ds laLFkkidksa us lHkh {ks=kksa esa mRd`"Vrk ykus dh dksf'k'k rks dh
gh gS] lkFk gh os bl vkn'kZ okD; ds izfr Hkh izfrc) gSa fd ^Lo;a ls igys
nwljksa dh lsok!*
fojkV xks[kys
uked Nk=k igys fnYyh ds ,d fo|ky; esa FkkA 19 tqykbZ 2012 dks LFkkukarfjr gksdj
og osfyaxVu ds jkWdQksMZ
cksfMZax Ldwy esa vk;kA fojkV dks [ksy ls cgqr yxko FkkA og jkT; Lrj dk ,d
dq'ky fØdsV f[kykM+h FkkA mlus ,d izfr;ksfxrk esa lcls vf/kd NDds yxkus dk
fjdkWMZ cuk;k rFkk nl xsanksa ij cgqr rsth ds lkFk ipkl ju cuk,A jkWdQksMZ Ldwy [ksy dh vU; xfrfof/k;ksa esa QqVckWy dks
vf/kd izksRlkfgr djrk FkkA jkWdQksMZ esa Nk=kksa
us fiNys dbZ o"kksZa esa dbZ VwukZesaV thrsA ns'k esa Ldwy dks ,d igpku
feyh ( fdarq fØdsV ds fy, bl fo|ky; esa mruk tquwu ugha FkkA
fojkV tc jkWdQksMZ Ldwy esa igqaps rks ,d dq'ky fØdsV f[kykM+h ds
:Ik esa mUgsa igpku feyhA dqN eghuksa ds muds iz;klksa us ,d fØdsV Vhe us tUe fy;kA bl fØdsV Vhe us cgqr ls VwukZesaV esa vius fo|ky; dk
iathdj.k djk;k rFkk f[kykfM+;ksa ds izf'k{k.k dh izfØ;k vkjaHk gks xbZA
izf'k{k.k ds ckn dqN le; ds fy, varjky vk;kA
f[kykfM+;ksa dks izrh{kk Fkh fd dgha [ksyus dk volj feysA 18 uoacj 2012 dks
mUkdh izrh{kk lekIr gqbZ rFkk mUgsa [kyus dk volj izkIr gqvkA fojkV vkSj mldh fØdsV Vhe lqcg lqcg okWeZ&vi djus fQjkst [kku ØhM+k
LFky ¼LVsfM;e½ esa igqaph] ftldh igpku fo|ky;ksa esa ,d
izfrf"Br ØhM+k LFky ds :Ik esa FkhA okWeZ&vi ds nkSjku~ fØdsV Vhe ds lnL;ksa us fojkV ls laidZ fd;k rFkk mls
crk;k fd mudh fØdsV Vhe dks ,d
nLrkost ij gLrk{kj djus vko';d gSaA dqN Nk=kksa us bl nLrkost ij gLrk{kj djus
ls badkj dj fn;kA mUgsa /kedk;k x;k fd ;fn os gLrk{kj ugha djsaxs rks mUgsa
[kyus dk volj izkIr ugha gksxkA f[kykfM+;ksa dks ,d QkWeZ fn;k x;k ftlds ,d
i`"B ij ifjp; dk dkWye Fkk ftlesa viuk uke] mez rFkk d{kk ds ckjs esa
crkuk Fkk rFkk nwljs i`"B ij ,d le>kSrs dh ppkZ Fkh ftldk uke ^fjolZ
vufHk'kalh le>kSrk* FkkA ;g le>kSrk 5 QkWUV ds cgqr NksVs vkdkj esa
izdkf'kr FkkA fojkV esa vius uke ij gLrk{kj fd, vkSj bl le>kSrs ij ,d ut+j
Mkyh ftlesa dqN 'kCnksa ij mldk /;ku x;k ( tSls & ^[ksy ds nkSjku~ gksus
okyh*] ^gkfujfgr idM+*] ^ykijokgh ls dk;Z djuk* ^eSnku*] ^Qsadh xbZ xsans vkSj
cYysckth* ^ekQh*] ^,d NwV dh rjg* vkfn ds lanHkZ esa dqN ckrsa FkhaA
fojkV ,d yacs le; ds ckn [ksy ds eSnku esa mrjk
FkkA og [ksyus ds fy, cgqr vf/kd mRlkfgr FkkA brus NksVs vkdkj ds QkWUV esa
fy[kh 'krksZa dks i<+us vkSj le>kSrs dks le>us esa le; u"V djuk
mlus mfpr ugha le>kA vius gLrk{kj ds ckn og QkWeZ mlus viuh Vhe dks lkSai
fn;kA mldh Vhe us Hkh 'krksZa dks i<+us esa le; ugha xaok;kA
o;ucxZ lksyh fo|ky;] uSuhrky ds f[kykQ [ksyus ds
fy, fojkV vkSj mldh Vhe eSnku esa mrjhA vius l=k esa ;g mudk igyk eSp FkkA
mUgksaus VkWl thrk vkSj mUgsa igys cYysckth djus dk ekSdk feykA mUgksaus
'kkunkj <ax ls [ksy [ksyk vkSj igys Ldksfjax nl vksoj esa 120 ju cuk;sA [ksy
dks vius gkFk esa ysus ds fy, fojkV us vdsys ipkl ju cuk,A xsanckth ds nkSjku~
NksVs vksoj esa fojkV ,d xsan dks idM+us ds fy, nkSM+sA tSls gh og xsan dks
idM+us ds fy, Hkkxs] eSnku ds ,d Ng bap xgjs xM~<+s esa mudk iSj /kalk vkSj
os xaHkhj :Ik ls ?kk;y gks x,A ;g xM~<+k eSnku esa ,d Vªd
ds dkj.k gqvk Fkk tks fiNys fnu bl txg ij [kM+k FkkA eSnku dh ckgjh lrg ij ,d
iksy FkkA bl iksy ij ,d ¶yM ykbV {kfrxzLr Fkh ftldh ejEer ds fy, Vªd ogka [kM+k
fd;k x;k FkkA
fojkV dks eSnku ls ckgj ys tk;k x;k vkSj
vLirky esa nkf[ky fd;k x;kA ogka mls irk pyk] mldk Vduk VwV x;k gS vkSj vc og
,d lky rd [ksy ugha ik,xkA ;g tkudj HkkoukRed :Ik ls og cgqr ijs'kku gqvkA
fojkV us jkWdQksMZ cksfMZax
Ldwy] osfyaxVu ij ykijokgh ds fy, eqdnek nk;j fd;k vkSj {kfriwfrZ ds :Ik esa 11
yk[k #i;s dh ekax dhA fo|ky; us vius cpko ds fy, mlds gLrk{kj fd, gq, nLrkost
is'k fd, tks mu nksuksa ds chp dk vuqca/k FkkA
izfr;ksxh i{k vFkok
foi{k esa ls fdlh ,d i{k dh vksj ls okn izLrqr djsaA
QSfeyh ykW ij vk/kkfjr ewV izkWCye
fouksn dk fookg
lu~ 1940 esa laxhrk uke dh efgyk ls gqvkA vkjaHk esa mldh vkfFkZd fLFkfr cgqr
vPNh ugha Fkh ( fdarq viuh esgur vkSj yxu ls mlus [kqn dks leFkZ cuk;k vkSj
dkQh /ku dek;kA mldh Ng larkusa Fkha & 2 csfV;ka vkSj pkj iq=kA iqf=k;ksa
ds fookg esa fouksn us Hkjiwj ngst fn;kA
fouksn ds pkj
iq=kksa esa ls lcls NksVk iq=k nhid vfookfgr Fkk rFkk vU; rhuksa iq=k veu]
fo'kky vkSj panz rhuksa fookfgr FksA fo'kky vkSj panz dh dksbZ larku ugha FkhA
lcls cM+s iq=k veu ds nks cPps Fks & iq=k vkdk'k vkSj iq=kh vuqtkA
lu~ 1967 esa ,d
nq?kZVuk esa panz dh e`R;q gks xbZA mldh iRuh us lu~ 1968 esa ,d iq=k dks xksn
fy;k ftldk ifjokj esa Hkjiwj fojks/k gqvkA mlds }kjk iq=k xksn ysus ds bl
fu.kZ; dk leFkZu fo'kky us fd;kA ifjokj fo'kky ds bl O;ogkj ls ukjkt gqvkA nhid
us la;qDr ifjokj dh laifRr esa ls viuk fgLlk vej ds cPpksa ds uke dj fn;kA nhid
us vius [kqn ds iz;klksa ls tks laifRr dekbZ Fkh] og Hkh vuqtk dks ns nhA bl
foHkktu ds dqN le; ckn gh nhid dh e`R;q gks xbZA
fo'kky dh iRuh
vej dh iRuh dh cgu FkhA fo'kky vkSj mldh iRuh ds fj'rs rukoiw.kZ gks x,A mlus
viuh iRuh dks vi'kCn dgs rFkk ml ij cka> gksus dk vkjksi yxk;kA mldh iRuh
ukjkt gksdj vius ekrk&firk ds ?kj vk xbZ rFkk viuk lkeku ykus dk nkf;Ro
mlus viuh ukSdjkuh ij NksM+ fn;kA
iRuh ds u gksus
ij fo'kky ds eu esa ukSdjkuh ds fy, vkd"kZ.k tkxk vkSj mlus mlls 'kknh
djus dk oknk fd;kA og cktkj x;k] flanwj ysdj vk;k rFkk iwtk?kj ds lkeus mlus
mlds ekFks ij flanwj yxk fn;kA 1970 esa fo'kky dh e`R;q gqbZ( rc rd fo'kky vkSj
ukSdjkuh lkFk&lkFk jgsA fo'kky dh e`R;q ds nks eghus ckn ukSdjkuh dks iq=k
izkIr gqvkA
lu~ 1971 esa
laxhrk dh e`R;q gqbZA viuh iRuh dh e`R;q ls fouksn dks cgqr /kDdk yxk rFkk
o"kZ Hkj ds Hkhrj gh mldh Hkh e`R;q gks xbZA vej T;s"B iq=k Fkk (
blfy, mlus drkZ ds :Ik esa inHkkj laHkkykA
panz vkSj fo'kky
dh fo/kokvksa dks Hk; Fkk fd muds csVksa ds lkFk i{kikr fd;k tk ldrk gSA muds
fgr dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, mUgksaus ,d eqdnek nk;j fd;k ftlesa mUgksaus la;qDr
ifjokj dh laifRr esa ls viuk fgLlk ekaxk fd vius ifr dh laifRr esa ls mUgsa
viuk fgLlk ugha fn;k x;k rFkk vius csVksa ds fgLls dh Hkh ekax dhA nhid }kjk viuh laifRr migkj esa fn,
tkus dks Hkh mUgksaus pqukSrh nhA
vej] mlds cPps
vkSj fo'kky dh iRuh us nkok fd;k fd u rks xksn fy;k x;k iq=k panu rFkk u gh
ukSdjkuh dk iq=k ckny muds iq=k gSa vkSj u gh fo/kok dks vius ifr dh laifRr esa
ls viuk fgLlk ysus dk vf/kdkj gSA lkFk gh mUgksaus fo'kky vkSj ukSdjkuh dh
'kknh dks Hkh voS/k crk;k vkSj muds fookg dks pqukSrh nhA
izfr;ksxh i{k vFkok
foi{k esa ls fdlh ,d i{k dh vksj ls okn izLrqr djsaA
vkijkf/kd naM izfØ;k (Cr. P.C.)
rFkk
Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk (Indian Penal Code) Ikj vk/kkfjr
ewV izkWCye
vkfnR; ,d daI;wVj
bathfu;j FkkA mldk fookg Vhuk ls gqvk FkkA jsgku mls vius fe=kksa esa lcls fiz;
FkkA os dkWyst ds fnuksa ds nksLr rks Fks gh ( vc ,d gh dk;kZy; esa lkFk dke
Hkh dj jgs FksA jsgku dk fookg ,yhuk ls gqvk FkkA
fnYyh esa ,d gh
lkslkbVh esa jgus okys vkfnR; vkSj jsgku izk;% lkFk ?kwek djrs Fks vkSj yach
;k=kk ij fudy tk;k djrs FksA nksuksa dh ifRu;ksa esa Hkh vPNh fe=krk gks xbZA
,d ikVhZ esa
vkfnR; vkSj jsgku us u'ks dh ek=kk vf/kd ys yh rFkk ,d&nwljs ds fy, viuh
vklfDr dks iznf'kZr fd;kA mudh ifRu;ka O;kdqy gqbZa vkSj u'ks dh ml vf/kdrk esa
mUgsa ?kj ys vkbZaA ?kj igqapdj Vhuk vkSj ,yhuk us vius ifr;ksa ds ml O;ogkj ij
vkifRr fn[kkbZA vkfnR; dh iRuh us vkfnR; dks fQj dHkh jsgku ls feyus ds fy, euk
fd;kA vkfnR; us iRuh ls dqN ugha dgk( fdarq dk;kZy; ls nsj ls vkuk 'kq# dj fn;k
rFkk iRuh }kjk iwNus ij dHkh larqf"Vtud tcko ugha fn;kA ,d fnu Vhuk vius
ekrk&firk ds ?kj ls ykSV dj vkbZ] rks iM+ksfl;ksa ls mls irk pyk fd mlds
ihNs jsgku vkfnR; ls feyus vk;k FkkA iM+ksfl;ksa us f'kdk;r djrs gq, crk;k fd
,d cts ds yxHkx muds ?kj ls vkfnR; vkSj jsgku dh vthc lh vkoktsa vkrh FkhaA
iM+ksfl;ksa ds fglkc ls mu fe=kksa dk ijLij O;ogkj lH; ugha FkkA
ijs'kku Vhuk
vkfnR; ds vkWfQl igqap xbZ] tgka mlus vius ifr dks jsgku ds lkFk vkifRrtud
voLFkk esa ik;kA vkfnR; vkSj Vhuk ds chp cgl gqbZ vkSj vkfnR; us ?kks"k.kk
dh fd og leySafxd gS rFkk jsgku ls 'kknh djuk pkgrk gSA
vius ifr ds
O;ogkj ls Vhuk O;kdqy gqbZ vkSj LFkkuh; iqfyl Fkkus igqap xbZA ogka mlus
Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk (Indian Penal Code) dh /kkjk 377 ds vUrxZr vkfnR; vkSj jsgku ds fo#) izFke
bfRryk fjiksVZ (,Q0vkbZ0vkj0) ntZ djkbZA iqfyl us f'kdk;r ntZ djus ls badkj dj fn;k rFkk
lwfpr fd;k fd bl rjg dh fjiksVZ ntZ djkus ds izko/kku dks fnYyh mPp U;k;ky; us
vlaoS/kkfud ?kksf"kr fd;k gSA blh le; vkfnR; us vius Qslcqd [kkrs esa [kqn
dks leySafxd ?kksf"kr dj fn;k rFkk fnYyh mPp U;k;ky; dk gokyk nsrs gq,
vius vkSj jsgku ds laca/k dks oS/k crk;kA
ihfM+r Vhuk us vkijkf/kd naM izfØ;k
(Cr. P.C.) ds rgr /kkjk 156 (3) ds vUrxZr eftLVªsV ds le{k vkosnu fd;kA mlus
ekax dh fd vnkyr iqfyl dks funsZ'k ns fd Vhuk ds ekeys dks jftLVj fd;k tk,]
ekeys dh Nkuchu dh tk, D;ksafd Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk dh /kkjk 377 ds vUrxZr vkfnR; vkSj jsgku ds f[kykQ nkafMd vijk/k dk
ekeyk curk gSA eftLVªsV us fnYyh mPp U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; dks e/;sut+j j[krs gq, vkosnu
dks [kkfjt djrs gq, dgk] Hkkjrh; naM lafgrk dh /kkjk 377 ds vUrxZr nks o;Ld
lnL;ksa dh vkilh lgefr ls cuk, x, laca/kksa ij U;k;ky; vkifRr ugha dj ldrkA
eftLVªsV ds bl vkns'k ij Vhuk us mPp U;k;ky; esa vihy
dh vkSj vkijkf/kd iqujh{k.k dh ekax dhA mPp U;k;ky; us Hkkjrh; naM
lafgrk dh /kkjk 377 ds rgr la'kks/ku dks vekU; crk;k rFkk Vhuk ds vkosnu dks
[kkfjt dj fn;kA
fnYyh mPp U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; ls vlger gksdj Vhuk us fo'ks"k
;kfpdk ds fy, lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 136 ds rgr lqizhe dksVZ esa vihy nk;j dj nhA
Vhuk dh ;kfpdk ij lquokbZ gqbZ vkSj mPpre U;k;ky; us vkns'k fn;k fd mPp U;k;ky;
esa nk;j dh xbZ Vhuk dh vihy ij Hkh lquokbZ gksA lHkh vihy ,d lkFk mPpre
U;k;ky; ds le{k lquokbZ ds fy, ykbZ xbZaA
izfr;ksxh i{k vFkok
foi{k esa ls fdlh ,d i{k dh vksj ls okn izLrqr djsaA
Guidelines for writing a
Memorial
fo"k; lwph
Øekad la[;k
|
fo"k; oLrq dh rkfydk
|
i`0 la[;k
|
1-
|
Lka{ksik{kj dh lwph
(list of abbreviations)
|
|
2-
|
Ikzkf/kdkjksa dk lwphdkad
Index of Authority
|
|
3-
|
{ks=kkf/kdkj dk fooj.k Statement of
Jurisdiction
|
|
4-
|
lanfHkZr Okkn
Referenced Suit
|
|
5-
|
rF;ksa
dk fooj.k
Statement of Facts
|
|
6-
|
Okkn ls mRiUu eqn~ns
Issue Raised
|
|
7-
|
izdj.k dk laf{kIr fooj.k
|
|
8
|
rdksZa dk lkj
Summary of Arguments
|
|
9
|
izkFkZuk
Prayer for Relief
|
Method to create
Moot Memorial
1- Cover Page
2- Table of Content
3- Index of Authority
4- Statement of Jurisdiction
5- Statement of Facts
6- Issue Raised/ Statement of
Charges
7- Summary of Arguments/
Arguments Advanced
8- Prayer for Relief
9- Annexures – Optional
Participation in the Moot Court Competition
consists of an oral and a written part, the memorials. A well-written
submission, a logically built-up argument is easier for a judge to understand.
A well written and neatly and uniformly presented document will show the judge
that effort is being put into the case. Combine that with excellent legal
arguments and most judges will at least be willing to listen to your case with
an open mind. Clarity and consistency is key. As the Appeals
Guidelines
(a) Table of Contents: This
should contain a list of the chapters and paragraphs that are included in your
memorial, as well as the page numbers on which these chapters/paragraphs can be
found.
(b) List of Abbreviations: This
list should contain all the abbreviations used, with the full meaning of each
abbreviation. As for the use of abbreviations in general, make sure this is
consistent as well; use the same abbreviation throughout the Memorial.
(c) List of Sources: Make a
distinction between the sort of source, e.g. book/periodical/jurisprudence etc.
Most important is that the reader should be able to find the document or book
referred to, without problems. As with everything in the Memorial, be
consistent in the way you refer to the source throughout the Memorial.
(d) Statement of Relevant Facts:
Here, a brief summary of the, for the submission relevant, facts has to be
written.
(e) Issues: Extract the legal
issues form your arguments and put them down in a logical order. (preferably
under the heading/chapter/division number under which you have placed them in
your arguments)
(f) Summary of Arguments: Put a
very brief summary of your arguments down again in a logical order.
(g) Jurisdiction of the Court:
Here the (grounds for) jurisdiction of the Court should be clearly stated.
(h) Arguments: This chapter
contains the legal arguments that will back up your submissions. It is the most
important part of the memorial. Make sure your arguments are written down in a
logical, clearly understandable manner. Just pretend that the document is going
to be read by someone who knows virtually nothing about the case. Ideally, the
document should be written such, that the reader is convinced that what you
have written is simply the only way one could understand and judge this case.
To aid this person, use comprehensible language. Make sure that you put down in
writing exactly what you want to communicate to the judge.
(i) Submissions: In your
submissions you put down what you want the Court to decide upon your case. A
prohibition? A declaratory judgement? Make sure you do indeed put down what you
want.
The Memorial may also include Annexes up to a
maximum of five (5) pages. Participating teams are obliged to follow the order
as mentioned in this paragraph. Each section shall include only information
relevant to that section.
The listing of the sources in the List of
Sources and in the footnotes shall be uniform, that is, they have
to be the same. In line with general rules of citation this has to be announced
either in the footnotes or in the List of Sources. Thus in case of
abbreviation, the following could be done either in the List of Sources or in
the relevant footnote itself.
The reference
included in the List of Sources always has to include all the details. As long
as the abbreviation is announced properly, the reference in the footnote does
not always have to include all the details. Please also note that references to
articles in books have to be referred to uniformly, referring to the name of
the author of the article in both the List and the notes , instead of the name
of the author of the article in the notes and the name of the editor of the
book in the List even when several articles published in that book are
used.
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